\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

The rain in Spain lies mainly on the plain.

\textit{The rain in Spain} \textbf{lies mainly} \textsc{on the plain}.
%italics, bold face, small caps

\texttt{This is typewriter.}

You can do a web search at http://www.google.com.

You can do a web search at \texttt{http://www.google.com}.

\begin{large}Lots\end{large} \begin{Large}of\end{Large} \begin{huge}different\end{Huge} \begin{Huge}text\end{Huge} sizes \begin{small}happening\end{small} \begin{tiny}here\end{tiny}.

\begin{center}
This is centered.
\end{center}

\begin{flushright}
This is flush right.
\end{flushright}

\begin{flushleft}
This is flush left.
\end{flushleft}

\end{document}